Q Discuss the roles played by the various components of CPU?
The CPU is the brain
of the computer system. All major calculations, manipulations and comparisons
are made by the CPU. The CPU is also responsible for activating and controlling the
operations performed by all other units of the computer system.
The
major components of the CPU are:
a)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (A.L.U.)
b)
Control Unit (CU)
c) Primary Memory
Arithmetic Logic Unit (A.L.U.):
What is ALU Arithmetic logic Unit?
- ALU is a part of the CPU.
- It is a part to calculate the logical term in the CPU where the term refers to an operation of logical type.
- It also calculates the arithmetic terms in the CPU where the term refers to an operation of arithmetic type.
- It is used to direct access through the processor controller.
- The ALU connected to the input and output peripheral system through the bus with the different types of bus. Such as control bus, data bus etc.
ALU is a part of the CPU that can calculate the input instruction of the input device which is sent by the user. These input instructions go to the input unit and input unit sends to the CPU, where the CPU manages the input instruction through the CU control unit. The control unit manages the instruction of input and output also for the ALU. The Arithmetic Logic Unit calculate the complex problem of the input instruction in a different form that represent the program to give a specific output for the user and send to the output unit after processing through the ALU of input instructions then the user get the result after processing the program when it execute on the computer system.
i) All Calculations and comparisons
are made by the A.L.U.
iv) After completion of processing
then the final results are sent to an output device.
Control Unit:
What is a Control Unit in a CPU?
Basically the control unit is known as the brain of the CPU.
The Control Unit controls all the operations which are going to be executed to perform the final result of input devices from the user in the computer system. It means the user sends the input instructions by the device to the CPU then the control unit sets their clock timing to be executed for performing the output data or result.
The control unit also controls these programs which are to be held for execution of the program when the program is ready to be executed. These programs are helping programs for execution of a particular program and instruction.
i) The Control Unit is to
confirm the data is to complete for processing.
ii)
The Control Unit is to
decide the input device instruction is to feed data into the storage unit.
Main memory (Primary Memory):
i) The function of the main memory is to store the information.
What is Primary memory in computer systems?
Primary memory or main memory
Primary memory is a memory that is used to store a function to calculate the problem coming from the input devices.
Some main memory is used to provide space for a program which is going to be ready for execution.
These primary memories are fast in their accessing, when the CPU needs the function to calculate the problem and solve them then prepare for output instructions to the output unit.
Some primary memory stores tan, cosec, cot functions etc. in their space of memory that is used to quickly access to CPU for processing the problems.
What is the use of ALU in the CPU chip?
ALU is an arithmetic logic unit which is used to solve the problem of the user coming from the input device in the form of input instructions to the CPU.
The ALU processes the input instructions using the method of arithmetic and logical system to solve the problem and give out the output data or instructions to the output data which is controlled by the control unit in the CPU chip.
The ALU is only used to solve the program and input instructions which is used to provide output data to the user through the output device from the output unit on the computer system.
The ALU process the arithmetic problem such as +, -, /, * which means addition, substractions, divide and multiplication are components of solving the arithmetic problem on the ALU section of the CPU chip.
Similarly logical operations are based on gate models such as NOT, OR, NOR, XNOR, XOR, AND, NAND etc. And its combination of gates model to perform an operation and give output data to the output unit and output unit transfer to the output device to the user.
What does ALU work for the CPU?
ALU contains a gate model that is used to perform the output data by taking input from the input unit and input instructions coming from the input device.
The ALU processes the operation of instructions on the CPU which is controlled by the control unit.
The ALU is connected with the buses into the CPU that is used to transfer the data and instructions to the input or output unit of the CPU chip.
The ALU processes the operation of the arithmetic and logic level of operation that gives the output data to the output unit.
The arithmetic operations are defined by the register transfer language.
Such as R1 * R2 to R for multiplication ;
R1 / R2 to R for division ;
Similarly R1 + R2 and R1 - R2 are used for addition and subtractions respectively.
These are the register transfer languages which only define and express the working of the expression of the process and register memory, where the register memory is the shortest and fastest memory on the whole computer system according to the memory chart and classification of memory of the computer system.
What is the function of ALU?
The function of ALU is following below here in the points mentioned below here:
ALU is an arithmetic system that performs operations on the CPU chip.
ALU is a logical system that performs operations on the CPU chip.
ALU is part of the CPU that solves the problem of the program and instructions of the computer system.
ALU is a system that provides the output data after solving the problem of the input instructions and program after its execution.
ALU is a combination of gate circuit models that are connected to each other in a systematic way according to the rule of electronic printed circuit boards.
What is ALU with an example?
ALU is a system of solving the problem of institutions and programs that is ready for execution to give output to the user.
ALU is an arithmetic logic unit which means the arithmetic operations can be performed by the ALU process and logic operations also performed by the ALU process.
The operation is a program of the computer system that comes from the user created or other decision chosen by the user on the computer system from the input device.
Arithmetic operations are basically mathematical operations performed by the ALU process and also converted into the binary code for output data. These arithmetic operations are given to the multiplexer to give output.
What is ALU and types?
ALU is a process system of the CPU central processing unit and the ALU is an arithmetic logic unit. The ALU is used to process the program and provide the output to the output unit of the computer system to give output data to the user after processing the input instructions or executed program.
There are two types of unit in the ALU process system following below here:
Arithmetic unit
Logic unit
Arithmetic unit
Arithmetic unit has to process the mathematical concepts problem to solve the operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Register transfer language defines the arithmetic operations such as:
r * r → R this operation for multiplication, similarly,
r+r → R this operation for addition
Logic unit
Logic unit is used to solve logical operations on the logic unit and performed on the operand. There are some following logic operators AND, NAND, OR, X'NOR etc.
These are logic operators to solve the logical problem on the input instructions or executed program on the CPU.
What is an arithmetic processor?
Arithmetic processor is a unit of the ALU section of the CPU chip. The ALU is a unit of arithmetic and logic that gives the output of the program by processing the operations applied on the program which is executing into the CPU.
The arithmetic unit from ALU
The arithmetic unit is used to perform the operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are the types of operation that applied on the program to solve using these operations.
The operation is performed on the operand which is defined by the register transfer language for the user to understand how to work the operation of the arithmetic unit.
R1*R2 → R is a type of operation of arithmetic which is expressed by the register transfer language. Where R1 and R2 are the register memory of the CPU and the multiplication used by the Asterisk sign for multiplication operation on the register memory, the R1 and R2 are the input register and R is an output register.
Similarly addition, subtraction division also can be performed on the ALU process of the CPU chip.
What is the CPU and explain Cu and ALU?
There is a explanation of cpu and its parts CU and ALU following below here:
The CPU is a chip of the computer system that is used to process the program and task on the computer system which comes from the input device and ordered by the user for their output data from the output device that is also controlled by the CPU and the CPU stands for central processing unit of the computer system.
CPU have two parts basically into the chip and following below here:
- ALU
- CU
- Primary memory
ALU:-
ALU stands for arithmetic and logic unit of the cpu.
ALU is used to process the program and task using the method of arithmetic operations and logical operations performed on the program and task to solve it and give the output data to the output unit and to the user through the output device of the computer system.
CU:-
CU is a control unit of the cpu that is used to control all output and input instructions on the CPU.
The control unit CU is used to control the program which is ready for execution using the clock time.
All output data is controlled by the CU to send to the output unit to the output device for the user.
PMU:-
Primary Memory unit is used to store the data, information, instructions and address data and data which is only used for temporary purpose for CPU to process the data, instructions, programs etc.
How many ALU does a CPU have?
There is only one ALU per core model of the cpu available, the unit for processing the program and problem of the input instructions to give output data to the output unit of the computer system and output unit sends the data to the output device connected to the computer system.
 |
| In the image the alu have two sections which contains Arithmetic Unit and second is Logic Unit and operators are following above in the diagram of ALU of CPU. |
In the image the ALU diagram shows the alu have two types of unit or section which is known as Arithmetic Unit and Logic Unit on the given figure.
Here the ALU perform operation using the different types of operators such as arithmetic operators compute the value according to the arithmetic operators showing in the figure and Logic operators solves the logic concepts according to their gates name available in the diagram of ALU in the image.
The alu image shows their two types of unit or section as figure available in the image Arithmetic and Logic unit. Here the Arithmetic have mathematical operators and logic unit have gates operators which performs logical concepts on the data and instructions and program to perform an operation using whole ALU.
Similarly input device is used to send input instructions to the input unit of the computer system and computer takes input instructions to the CPU chip, that means the control unit provide the input instructions to the ALU the arithmetic and logic unit to process the instructions then provide the output to the output unit connected to the output device of the computer system.
The ALU processes the program also which is ready for compilation and ordered by the user through the application software of IDE.
The CPU Provides the computed value:
 |
| In this image shows diagram of the CPU takes the data through the data bus from the input unit of the computer system and provide to the output unit of the computer through the bus transfer the data through the data bus of the computer. |
The provides the computed value to the output unit when the user sends the input data to the computer system then the operating system takes that input value to sends to the CPU through the buses in the form of input signal then compute the input value in the form of output value after process the data or value which is sends through the buses to the output unit socket of the motherboard then the output device is connected to the port and provide the output data to the end user who sends the input data to the computer system and get the processed value from the CPU chip as a computed value from the computer.
Cpu uses the buses to send the data to the output unit of the computer system where the output unit contains the sockets of providing the port to connect the output devices which is used to provide the and transfer the data to the end user who need to get the output data from the computer system and the cpu also takes the input data from the input unit where the input unit contains the input devices which are connected to the ports that available on the motherboard socket of input devices.
The input signal and the output signals can be transferred through the data bus and the address bus is used to transfer the address of the data which is sending or transferring from one designation to another.
What is the function of ALU and CU When the program is executing on the CPU?
The function of ALU in the CPU chip following below here:
ALU
ALU stands for arithmetic and logic unit on the CPU chip.
Arithmetic unit means the operation which is ready to perform on the CPU in the form of arithmetic such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Logic unit means the logic operations are performed by the logic unit on the program to solve logically and these operations such as NOT, OR, NOR, XNOR, XOR, AND, NAND etc. And it's a combination of these logic gates operations.
When the program is executing on the cpu
When the program is executing on the CPU then the control unit controls the time of the execution into the ALU for processing.
When the previous program has solved then the next program or instruction is ready to be executed for solving into the cpu to give or provide the output data to the output unit and output unit sends the data to the output device of the computer system.
The program or instruction comes from the input device or ordered by the input device on the computer system for processing to take output data from the computer system for the end user.
The CPU uses the registers memory for the processing the program
The CPU is used to process the program when the operating system provides the program to compute it and provide the output data to the output unit of the computer system during the computation of program it stores in the registers such as data, address, instruction.
The data is a piece of information and instruction is a group of some data that perform a operation for major task to complete and the address is a type of data that also stores in the register in the category of register for every types of data to store it of the program when the used to processing on the CPU on the computer system.
How do you understand about the role of the bus in cpu, where the primary memory sends the data to the CPU?
The bus is a type sending data from one port to another port on the CPU.
The bus is used to provide transportation of data between memory and cpu to connect it and send the data from the memory when the cpu needs to process the data, instructions, programs etc.
The bus is used to transfer the address data also from the memory to cpu to process it. Where the address is a type of data that holds the data of the memory of instructions, data, programs etc.
The data bus is used to transfer the data from one address to the another address of data.
The control bus is used to control the bus where the data can be transferred from one address to another.
The system bus is used to manage the data bus, address bus and control bus in the computer system.
So the bus architecture on the cpu plays an important role in transferring the data from one address to another. When the cpu needs the data to process it then the bus is used to transfer the data from the temporary memory of the computer system. Where the temporary memory is a cache memory which is used for the CPU to store the data, instructions and programs waiting for processing turn into the CPU on the computer system.
Here is the image above the diagram shows the simple bus architecture of the cpu which is used for transferring the data
In this image the system bus is used to manage all types of buses in the CPU for transferring data.
It is the hierarchical structure of bus architecture and easy to learn about the bus and their types of buses for the CPU.
Where the bus is also used for transferring from the input and output unit of the computer system for processing the data.
When the computer takes the input data the bus transfer the instructions to the temporary memory of the computer to store for temporary Such as cache memory to hold the instructions and wait for the turn of processing on the CPU to compute it and then provide the output data to the output unit and the data is transferred to the output unit of the computer system to the end user. Here the bus transfers the data on the motherboard from one address to another address on the motherboard.
The internal buses are also developed for the computer on the motherboard which is known as the local buses for transferring the data from one to another address.
The control bus is used to hold the data of instructions provided by the cpu chip to control the internal peripherals that have been installed on the PCB design of the motherboard.
The instruction sends to the components that perform what types of task can do for the cpu to manage the operating system and application software and user instructions and programs etc.
Discuss the relationship between CPU and cache memory?
The relation between CPU and cache memory:-
The CPU can access the Cache memory because the CPU needs the program which is temporarily stored into the cache memory of the computer system and these programs are waiting for execution on the computer by processing from the CPU.
The CPU can use the cache memory used to provide the data and instructions which the CPU needs to process it to perform and generate the instructions to control the resources on the computer system. The cache memory also removes the data when the computer restarts or shuts down and turns on the computer system.
How do you understand about the register memory used for store data?
The register memory is used to store the data which is known as a piece of information in the register memory to store temporarily because the register memory is a temporary memory to store the data used in the CPU chip and it is a fastest memory in the CPU and provide the space for storing the data when the CPU takes a program or an information or instructions or any operations file to perform on the computer to provide the output data to the user.
The register memory store the data and it is also used to shift when the register memory have a specific category to shift the data as an output data to the next register memory in the form of input data to make a whole processing part in the CPU to complete then the CPU provides the output data to the output unit of the computer.
The register memory has many types of categories such as:- Program counter, Shift Register, Accumulator, Data register, Instructions Register etc.
As their names of register memory have different types of performance to perform a task such as:- Data register is used to store data, instructions register stores instructions that come from the input resource.
Instructions register or IR
Instructions register stores instructions that come from the input unit of the computer system such as:- an external peripheral which is input peripheral to send the input instructions to the CPU then the instructions register stores the instructions for computing the instructions and providing the output data.
The program counter or PC register
The program counter or PC is a memory device that stores the memory address of the program instructions that process through the CPU. The program counter is used to count the program instructions and have a memory address of the instructions that come from the program which will execute after computing from the CPU.
Shift register memory
It is a temporary memory device in the CPU to shift the data when the data has been computed from the shift register and provide the output data which is used for the next input instructions to the next register connected to the previous shift register and these shift registers perform whole process of computing on the particular program on the CPU of a computer to provide the output data to the output unit of the computer system.
Data register:-
Data register is a type of simple register that stores the data and instructions when the remaining register memory isn't used then the data register is used to store the data in the data register. The data can be a piece of information from the program or instructions to store the data in the data register during the processing of the program by the CPU chip.
Accumulator register:-
The accumulator is a AC register is a memory device that stores the output comes from the operations of arithmetic and logic unit operation such as:- ADD and MULTIPLICATION are two types of operations performed on the alu and the accumulator uses to stores the output result comes from the add and multiplication operation. It is also an intermediate level of results stored in the accumulator register or it is also called a memory location of the ALU in the CPU.
Explain the role of ALU in program execution on the CPU of a computer?
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) plays a crucial role in program execution on the CPU of a computer. Here’s how it functions:
1.Arithmetic Operations
-Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division:
The ALU performs basic arithmetic operations. For instance, when a program needs to calculate the sum of two numbers, the ALU is responsible for executing this addition.
These operations are performed by the register memory that passes the output value to the next register as a shift register and the other register memory process the input instructions or value to provide output data and all the register memories process the input value to provide the output value to the output unit of the computer system to provide the output data from the output resource of the computer system.
The arithmetic unit performs a task such as:-
R1 * R2 →R
means the register takes a value from multiplication of two registers R1 and R2 in the CPU of the computer system.
2.Logical Operations
-AND, OR, NOT, XOR:
These logical operations are fundamental for decision-making processes within programs. For example, comparing two values to determine if they are equal (using the XOR operation) or if a condition is true (using AND, OR operations) is managed by the ALU.
The logical operations performs a like;
R1 && R2 → R;
R1 || R2 →R;
R1 ! R2 →R;
that means the registers R1 and R2 are processed the values with the used operators are;
AND
OR
NOT
Are performed between two registers values and shifted to ‘R’ register memory to process the whole results on the CPU in the ALU part where the logical operation are only processed based on the logic gates operations applied on the register to process the input values and provide the output data to the output unit of the CPU of the computer system to provide the logical processed value to the users finally provided by the output resource on the computer.
3.Bitwise Operations
-Shift and Rotate Operations:
The ALU can manipulate bits within a binary number by shifting them left or right or rotating them. These operations are vital for tasks like encryption, compression, and graphics processing.
The bitwise perform like R1 and R2 uses to perform the operations following below here:-
R1 & R2;
R1 | R2;
R1 ^ R2;
Generally the bitwise operations are performed to shift the processed values and the processed values come from the arithmetic and logical operation which is used to shift to complete the whole process of the computation of program and files or input instructions on the CPU of the computer system.
The above following register Performs different types of bitwise operation on the register memory values that stores the values temporarily and shifts to process to the next operations to perform the whole results to provide through the output unit of the computer system.
The register values operation performs a bitwise operation to manipulate data in the register memory that stores for processing the whole value and program which is still processing by the CPU to provide the final result on the computer system to provide the output data through the output unit of the computer.
4.Data Manipulation
-Increment and Decrement:
Simple operations like increasing or decreasing a value by one are handled by the ALU. This is essential for loops and iteration in programming.
These types of operations are performed to increment the values to the registers to increase the values which the value is provided or shifted by the previous register memory to store to the next register memory of the CPU to process the whole processing system on the input instructions given by the input unit to the CPU on the computer system. Similarly, the decrement operation to process the input value to decrease the value and provide the output data which is less than the previous register values on the CPU to provide decreased values after taking input values from the previous register shifted their output value of the register memory.
5.Decision-Making
-Comparisons:
The ALU compares numbers to determine equality, greater than, or less than conditions. These comparisons are critical for branching decisions in a program, such as executing different code blocks based on specific conditions.
The user can put the program which includes the conditions to provide the functionality of the decision making system to get the value using the logical operation applied on the variables in the program to get the final output data or value.
The comparison system in the CPU is performed by the ALU to provide the output data using the compare the value through the decision making operators such as:- less than, greater than, equal to, not equal to etc. On the ALU section of the cpu to process the input instructions to get the output data on the computer system.
6.Input/Output Control
-Data Transfer:
While the actual data transfer is managed by other components, the ALU processes the data to be transferred.
It prepares data for input/output operations by performing necessary calculations and manipulations.
The input unit is used to provide the input value sent to the CPU to process it and perform a task according to the type of instruction to the CPU to process and get output as a response to the output unit of the computer system.
Similarly, the output unit performs a task on the CPU to control the output unit to provide the output data to the end user from the output device of the computer.
7.Address Calculation
-Memory Addressing:
For accessing data in memory, the ALU calculates the effective address. This involves arithmetic operations based on base addresses and offsets.
What is memory addressing in ALU on the CPU?
Memory addressing in the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) on the CPU refers to the methods and mechanisms used by the CPU to locate and access data stored in the computer's memory. The ALU itself primarily performs arithmetic and logical operations, but it interacts closely with the memory addressing mechanisms to fetch operands (data) and store results. Here are some key points about memory addressing:
1.Address Bus:
This is a set of wires that the CPU uses to send addresses to memory. The width of the address bus determines the maximum amount of memory the CPU can address. For example, a 32-bit address bus can address 2^32 (4,294,967,296) memory locations.
This memory location stores the data that comes from the input program which is processed by the CPU to compute the program and stores that data at the location which address bus has addressed on the primary memory unit (PMU) of the CPU.
If the program is divided into bits of data packets then the address bus can address the data into the given memory location on the primary memory of the CPU.
2.Addressing Modes:
These are techniques used by the CPU to specify the location of operands. Common addressing modes include:
-Immediate Addressing:
The operand is a part of the instruction itself. If the equation performs by the arithmetic unit as:
A+B=C;
In the expression or equation the operand is A, B and C and the operators are “+” and “=” which means the “addition”and the “equal to” to perform that operation to get the value to the C operand.
-Direct Addressing:
The instruction specifies the memory address directly.
When an instruction specifies a memory address directly, it means that the instruction explicitly contains the exact memory location (address) where the data is stored. This is known as a "direct addressing mode".
In other words, the instruction says "go to this exact memory address" (e.g., 0x1000) to access or modify the data, rather than indirectly referencing it through a register or other means.
This direct addressing mode allows for fast and efficient access to memory, but can also limit flexibility and program size.
-Indirect Addressing:
The instruction specifies a register or memory location that contains the address of the operand.
-Register Addressing:
The operand is located in a CPU register.
-Indexed Addressing:
The effective address is calculated by adding a constant value (index) to the contents of a register.
3.Memory Management Unit (MMU):
This component of the CPU handles the translation of logical addresses (used by programs) to physical addresses (used by the hardware). It also manages memory protection, caching, and virtual memory.
4.Cache Memory:
The CPU often uses a small, fast cache memory to store frequently accessed data and instructions. The cache reduces the time it takes to access data from the main memory.
In summary, memory addressing in the ALU context involves the coordination of various addressing modes and mechanisms to efficiently fetch and store data during the execution of instructions.
Execution Cycle Involvement
1.Fetch:
The instruction to be executed is fetched from memory.
2.Decode:
The fetched instruction is decoded to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved.
3.Execute:
The ALU performs the required operation (arithmetic, logical, etc.) on the operands.
4.Store:
The result of the operation is stored back in memory or a register.
Summary of the role of ALU in the (Central Processing Unit) CPU:-
The ALU is fundamental to the CPU’s function, acting as the "calculator" of the system. It processes all arithmetic and logical operations required by the executing program, making it a core component in the execution of instructions and overall program functionality.
For examples of add and multiplication operation perform following below here:-
ADD operation perform such as:-
R1 + R2 → R
Multiplication operation perform such as:-
R1 * R2 → R
These expressions describe the operation performed on the registers and register is a fastest memory to store the values for computing the input value to provide final output data in the ALU.
Where the R represents the Register in the operation performed and the R register memory stores the output coming from the two registers performing operations ADD and Multiplication in the register transfer language. The RTL (Register Transfer Language) is a type of language that is only used for representing the operations performed in the ALU to describe the data or values processed by the operators such as:- ADD, Multiplication, SUB, Division etc. These are the operations that perform on the register memory and provide the final output to the output unit which is transferred through the BUS.
What is the operation of NOT gate in the logic unit of ALU?
Not gate is an opposite result converter type of gate that means has changed where if the user gives a 'zero' then the not gate converts into the 'one'.
That means according to the true and false or 0 or 1 condition apply on the not gate.
It is simple to understand that the program operator 'OR' is used to change the value of 0 to 1 or 1 to 0.
Truth tables provide the result of two input values according to the ability to provide the output value to the next input value for another gate to process the input data or value to make a computing system to complete it on the registers memories.
Here is the symbol of NOT gate below the figure...👇🏻
 |
| The image shows the diagram of NOT gate symbol and the formula of convert the input value that means the X have a bar symbol which is equal to the Y. |
In the image the NOT gate shows with the symbol and condition mentioned in the image to show how the NOT gate logically works in the ALU for processing the input data or input instructions from the input resources on the computer that computed by the ALU to provide the output data using the logical unit of the ALU in the CPU chip on the computer system.
The NOT reverse the input instructions that come into the NOT gate which means if the user sends the 0 into the NOT gate then it comes the output is 1 similarly, the user gives the 1 then output gets 0 from the NOT gate.
There are only two conditions applied on the NOT to define the output data as the image shows the formula of the NOT gate.
Truth table of NOT gate shows the
X = 1 then Y = 0
Or
X = 0 then Y = 1
Here is a truth table example showing both types of possibilities of result from the NOT gate.
That is used in the CPU chip as a part of ALU ( Arithmetic & Logic Unit).
Q 1. Which part of the computer solves the logical problem?
- A) primary unit
- B) Arithmetic Unit
- C) Cache memory
- D) logic unit of cpu
Answer is:- D) "logic unit of cpu"
The logic unit is used to solve the logical problem in the CPU when the input data is need to apply the condition on the input data and get right value.
The logic unit is uses the gates and the gates are known as logic gates that perform the input data provide into the output data. For example:- NOT gate provide only two types output data of the two types of input data such as 0 to 1 and 1 to 0 only.
Q 2. Which type of memory is the fastest memory of the computer system?
- A) Storage device
- B) RAM
- C) Cache Memory
- D) Register Memory
Answer is D) "Register Memory".
The register memory is used to provide the space in a bit of memory which is to store a part of information or store only instructions to process to the next input such as Shift register, Program counter, Instruction register etc. The register memory is a temporary memory which is only just used when it is working in the CPU, otherwise the data has been removed from the register memory after a new program is used to process or turn off the computer system.
What is the decision making on the computer system?
The user selects the option and the option shows the user interface form then the program takes a decision on the user given instruction to click on the option then the user sees the two options.
If the user clicks the first button 1 then the program will show the different but related form to the button name as they match to each other otherwise the button 2 shows the different form to the user on the screen as the button name shows the form name on the application software.
This is a decision making system on the application software program and basically it is performed by the OR gate which follows the truth table of:-
a or b then c
a = 1 OR b = 0 then c = 1;
a = 0 OR b = 1 then c = 1;
a = 0 OR b = 0 then c = 0;
a = 1 OR b = 1 then c = 1;
In this truth table of OR gate shows the a or b condition checking 1 and 0 value then the c is output value comes from the OR condition of the OR gate.
The OR is full of opposite to the AND gate truth table values because there is only one condition shows the result 1 if the a+b = c used in the AND gate.
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