State the basic units of the computer. Name the sub units that make up the CPU and give the function of each of the units.

State the basic units of the computer. Name the sub units that make up the CPU and give the function of each of the units.

In according to the question above first of all we discussion about “the basic units of the computer” that is basic needs of the computer which is means that the parts of the computer which is made up the complete system of the computer. After the basic units of the computer then we will discussion about the name of “the sub units that made up the CPU” and also we discuss their “functions of the CPU parts”.
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What are the basic units of the computer?

The unit of the computer is known as the basic parts of the computer which is made up the computer use able at any places or departments. The major parts of the computer are following:

1. The CPU and its cabinet.

2. Input device.

3. Pointer device.

4. Output device.

5. Cabinet of CPU and Interior parts.

6. Storage device.

1. The CPU and its Cabinet

The CPU is the main part of the computer system because all devices are connected to the CPU Cabinet such as monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers, mice, etc. These parts are the outer parts which are out of the CPU Cabinet.

2. Input Device

The Input devices are the kind of the devices which are sends data signals or information to the CPU system. For examples keyboard, mouse, light pen, mice etc.

3. Pointer Device

Simply we can say the pointer device or pointing device is a mouse and the touch pad of the laptop. This device also works as input device but it is very handy to use for clicking, opening folder, open menu from right click etc. Keyboard is also can do this type use and work but in case we will learned all that key of the keyboard to use as mouse pointer that is arrow sign to operate the operating system such as window all version and finally to move arrow sign pointer from the keyboard it is very slow to accelerate of the speed of the pointer in operating system.

4. Output Device

Output devices are the kind of devices which are shows output of the result processed by the CPU (Central Processing Unit) and the result are desired as want. Monitor is an output screen device that helps to operate the operating system easily. One is the output device is a printer that provides the hard copy of the document as we typed that shows on the monitor. Hard copy is a printed paper output by the printer.

5. Cabinet of CPU and Interior parts

Cabinet of the CPU is a box type of object near aside to the monitor. It contains interior parts of the CPU to make system of Central Processing Unit. Such as Mother board, RAM (Random Access Memory), HDD Hard Disk Drive, CD Writer, SMPS, DVD Writer, Floppy drive, CPU fan, Heat exorcist fan, Al cooling shield and so many slots are there in the CPU.

6. Storage device

Storage devices are also a part of the computer it is very necessary to our computer because an operating system and other application to stores in the storage device. For example Hard disk.

Explain the sub units of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) and its Functions?

There are some basic units that make up the CPU are following

1. Inputting

2. Storing

3. Processing

4. Controlling

5. Outputting

1. Inputting or INPUT UNIT

a) Data and instructions are entered into a computer through input devices.

b) An input device converts input data and instructions into a suitable binary form which is stored in the memory of a computer.

c) An input device is connected to its specific port and hold or carries the address such as unique address like a 1001.

d) Input Data Register can receive the data and stored it which is sent by the input device using the unique address 1001 such as “INPUT 1001” instruction.

e) Using Register Transfer language the Input Data Register can use the command MOVE to moves the instruction using the address 1001 “INPUT 1001” to the specific register that is ACCUMULATOR (AC) and to be processing in the CPU.

f) In according to data processing rate of the input device as the average number of characters that can be processed by a device per second. For example a keyboard of data processing rate is about 10 characters (byte) per second and another example is scanner is about 200000 characters per second can send data.

2. Storing or STORAGE UNIT

a) In the CPU system storage unit known as main memory or primary memory unit.

b) It is temporary memory which is loses the data when the computer system is turned off.

c) It is fastest memory in the computer such as Registers, Cache Memory, ROM, RAM, ACCUMULATOR (AC), Program Counter (PC), Instruction Register (IR), Condition Register (CR) etc.

d) It stores the data and instructions when the CPU wants to process the data and instructions.

e) MDR is a register and important role for storing the data or instruction when the CPU loaded a word then into the MDR (Memory Data Register).

f) MAR is a register and important role for storing the address of data or instruction when the CPU loaded a word and it stored in the MDR and the address of the word stores in the MAR (Memory Address Register).

g) Another storage unit is Hard disk which is stores data, programs, application software etc. It is safe for retrieving data and no loses the data when computer is turned off.

h) Cache memory is to stores data, instruction and program which are to be currently executed. It helps to make fast processing work of CPU.

3. Processing or PROCESS UNIT

a) In the processing unit we consider about the CPU that is work for all the operation, manipulating data , execute programs, operate the operating system, controlling the programs and operations and all the arithmetic and logical operation can executed by the CPU.

b) CPU basically is the three major parts:

i) ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit)

ii) CU (Control Unit)

iii) Registers and Main memory

i) ALU Arithmetic and Logic Unit

All the operation of the arithmetic and logical are performed in this unit such as comparison and calculation. The data and instruction stored in the main memory and then transferred to the ALU for processing.

Arithmetic unit is design for operations such as divide, multiplication, add, subtract.

Logical unit is used for less than <, greater than >, equal to = , pipeline || are the operation to performs in this unit.

ii) CU Control Unit

Control unit is to control the data and instruction and operation to be ready to execute in the according to the system clock of the CPU.

The final results are made by in the CPU system that it decide are sent to the output not the intermediate results all the controlled by the Control Unit.

iii) Registers and Main Memory

In this section the data and instruction are stored in the main memory and registers where the registers are the fastest memory in the computer system.

Some registers are general purpose to use but some registers are specified work such as Program Counter (PC), Instruction Register (IR) and Condition Register (CR) and so on.

4. Controlling CONTROL UNIT

a) Control Unit to control all the operation which is executes in the CPU.

b) It is used to control all the program and instructions with the according to system clock.

c) It directs the system operation by sending the control signal to the data path.

d) The signals control the flow data and instructions within the CPU which is controlled by the control unit.

e) It is also control Input and Output unit signal with the system clock.

f) It is have two main units parts one is Hard wired controlled and the another one is Micro program Controlled Unit.

5. Outputting or OUTPUT UNIT

a) Suppose the output instruction can hold or carries a unique address 1010 which is stored in ACCUMULATOR (AC).

b) ACCUMULATOR (AC) can moves through the command MOVE the data or instruction to specific register that is Output Data Register.

c) Output Data Register sends the data or instruction to output port whose unique address which is 1010.

d) Through the Output port connected to the output device receives the output instruction or data whose address is 1010 and gives the output.

e) In according to data processing rate of the output device such as laser printer can print data is about 100000 characters per second.

Can the control unit control the instructions in the CPU?

Yes, the control unit processes the time and schedule the instructions or data flow in the cpu and to control it and manage it.

The instruction is coming to the CPU with their specific time schedule that is defined and managed by the control unit for the CPU to manage the instruction in a discipline.

The instructions registers (IR) is used to store the instruction that is controlled from the control unit or CU and the instructions are also retrieved from the IR in the cpu for executions.

This the clear example of how the control unit controls the instructions in the cpu with the IR.

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